September 13, 2023
Article

Breathing Patterns and the Clock of Our Genes

Breathing Patterns and the Clock of Our Genes

Ever wondered if the way we breathe could be tied to our biological age? A recent exploration into the world of epigenetics, which studies changes in gene function without altering the DNA sequence, has revealed some fascinating insights. Researchers looked at a marker called GrimAge, which is believed to be a predictor of lifespan and health. They found that certain measures of lung function, specifically the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC), were negatively associated with GrimAge. In simpler terms, better lung function seemed to be linked to a "younger" biological age. Moreover, this epigenetic age marker also hinted at the future risk of emphysema, a lung condition that causes shortness of breath.

Abstract

Background: The objective of this research was to determine whether pulmonary function is associated with epigenetic aging (GrimAge) and whether GrimAge predicts emphysema. Methods: This prospective study examined 1042 participants enrolled as part of a community-based longitudinal cohort. The cross-sectional associations between pulmonary function and GrimAge, measured at study year (Y) 20 (participant ages 40-45 years), and prospective associations with emphysema at Y25 were examined. Results: At Y20, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) were negatively associated with GrimAge; for Y0-Y10 cumulative measures, only the FEV1/FVC ratio was associated with GrimAge at Y15 and Y20. Emphysema at Y25 was associated with GrimAge at Y15 and Y20. Conclusion: Pulmonary function was associated with GrimAge during early and mid-life; GrimAge partially mediated the association between pulmonary function and emphysema.